Strain hardening by sediment transport

The critical fluid-shear stress for the onset of sediment transport, θc, varies with history applied shear. This effect has been primarily attributed to compaction; role shear jamming is less explored. We examine response a granular bed cycles varying magnitude and direction, determine isotropic anisotropic contributions. Creep bed-load transport result in direction-dependent strain hardening θ/θc<4. Dilation-induced weakening, memory loss, occur larger stresses that fluidize bed. Our findings provide explanation formation breakup hard-packed riverbed “armor.”Received 29 October 2021Accepted 23 March 2022DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.4.L022055Published by American Physical Society under terms Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution this work must maintain attribution author(s) published article's title, journal citation, DOI.Published SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasFluid-particle interactionsJammingSediment transportFluid Dynamics